The polarization degree of transmission tower optical fibers fluctuates greatly in the state of polarization dispersion, so it is necessary to measure and control the optical polarization state. But the optical polarization controller is prone to reset problems and cannot effectively control the optical polarization state. To solve this problem, research on GBO optimization control technology based on optical polarization state technology. Design a four channel Stokes measurement technique to measure the polarization state of optical fibers in parallel, quickly respond to multiple types of polarization state changes, and solve the problem of comprehensive measurement of polarization states such as polarization degree, polarization angle, and ellipticity of light waves; Optimize the design of a variable delay optical polarization state controller, adjust the direction or delay of optical polarization, and solve the reset problem under external pressure changes. The fusion of polarization controller and polarization beam splitter, through GBO algorithm and feedback control loop, achieves fiber polarization state optimization control. The test results show that this method can comprehensively measure the polarization state of light under multi-channel coordination, and the GBO algorithm used is optimized successfully with 400 iterations; After practical application of this method for optical polarization state optimization control, the polarization degree value of optical communication is relatively low and its fluctuation becomes stable. The BER quickly drops to around 1% and remains stable, solving the problem of high polarization degree value and large fluctuation. It can effectively control the polarization state of optical fibers in transmission line towers.