A smart wheelchair protection system based on STM32 microcontroller has been designed to address the safety concerns of elderly people traveling alone in their daily lives; The design of the intelligent wheelchair protection system was mainly completed from two aspects: hardware module design and software program design. In terms of hardware, the STM32F103ZET6 chip was selected as the core processor, which was combined with hardware devices such as posture detection module and heart rate and blood oxygen detection module to collect data on the status of the intelligent wheelchair and its users. In terms of software, based on embedded systems, the intelligent wheelchair tilt judgment algorithm program was designed to detect whether the current posture of the intelligent wheelchair is about to tilt. If an accident is about to occur, hardware devices such as airbag module were used to protect the user; Through testing of the intelligent wheelchair protection system, it has been proven that the system can provide protection for the elderly and accurately detect heart rate and blood oxygen levels, as well as send distress messages and provide night lighting in case of accidents; While providing a more secure travel experience for the elderly, it also makes guardians feel more at ease, reduces their guardianship pressure, and improves the overall quality of life and happiness of the family.