Surge is an unstable phenomenon that occurs in aircraft engines under specific operating conditions, characterized by periodic and significant fluctuations in parameters such as flow and pressure of engine equipment during high angle of attack climb. The current single sensor data cannot fully capture all key performance parameters of the engine, resulting in issues such as misjudgment of surge and failure of anti surge. In order to improve the performance of aircraft engine surge control, multi-sensor information fusion technology is used to optimize the design of aircraft engine surge control system. Add multiple sensor devices such as vibration and temperature, modify data processors and surge controllers, and optimize the hardware system by adjusting the system connection circuit. Analyze the simulation results of the working process of aircraft engines, determine the installation position of sensors, and collect various working data of aircraft engines with the support of multi-sensor information fusion technology. Through feature extraction and matching, monitor the surge state of aircraft engines. For engines with surge phenomenon, the control objective is solved, and the system"s aviation engine surge control is achieved through steps such as control quantity calculation, control instruction generation and execution. Through testing experiments, it is concluded that compared with traditional control systems, the optimized design system significantly improves the surge margin of the aircraft engine under cruise, climb, and landing conditions, indicating that the optimized design system has a better surge control effect.