As the performances of most electronic components are affected by their working temperatures, the temperature characteristics of electronic components are unnegligible. Based on the Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) and ATMega128A microcontroller, a fast and high-precision measuring instrument of temperature characteristics for electronic components is designed and produced. The temperature sensor module is made up of PT100, high-accuracy constant current source and AD7731 analog to digital converter (ADC). The working power is precisely controlled by an optimized H bridge which is driven by width modulated pulses generated by Proportion Integration Differentiation (PID) algorithm. A chamber is also well-designed for temperature control and electrical measurements. The components under test can thus suffer temperatures from -10 ℃ to 80 ℃ fast with a precision of ±0.2 ℃。By cooperating with computer and measuring instruments such as Digital Multimeter (DDM) and Inductance, Capacitance and Resistance (LCR) meter, the temperature characteristics of LCR, IC, transistor and LED, etc, can be quickly obtained. This instrument has high potential of application in scientific research, industry and experiment teaching in electronics.