基于元模型的需求定义方法研究
2024,32(11):302-307
摘要：在复杂系统或产品的研制过程中,高质量的需求或需求模型是实现对设计要求或设计指标进行准确描述、多层级传递、基于模型开展评审与管理的重要基础。如何提升需求质量是工业领域尤其是以航空航天为代表的高端制造行业关注的重点问题之一。针对需求的质量提升,通过元模型建模方法应用,构建需求元模型,明确需求元模型组成、关系及内涵。提出一种基于元模型的需求定义方法,通过需求元模型的实例化应用实现需求模型的规范定义,以满足需求完整性、无歧义性等特征要求,有效降低复杂系统或产品设计团队对于需求模型定义的难度。基于元模型的需求定义方法为需求或需求模型的质量提升提供可行的实践方法,为复杂系统模型可扩展性应用及模型复用性提升提供了思路。
关键词：元模型;需求定义;需求模型;MBSE;需求质量
Research on Requirement Definition Methods Based on Meta-model
Abstract：In the development process of complex systems and products, high-quality requirements or requirement models are the essential foundation for accurate description of design requirements and design indicators, multi-level transmission, and model-based review and management. How to improve the quality of requirements is one of the key issues of concern in the industrial field, especially in high-end manufacturing industries represented by aerospace. To enhance the quality of requirements, a meta-modeling method is applied to construct a requirement meta-model, clarifying the composition, relationships, and content of the requirement meta-model. A requirement definition method based on the meta-model is proposed, which realizes the standardized definition of the requirement model through the instantiation application of the requirement meta-model, to meet the characteristic requirements of requirement completeness and unambiguity, effectively reducing the difficulty for complex system or product design teams in defining requirement models. The requirement definition method based on the meta-model provides a feasible practical approach for improving the quality of requirements or requirement models. It also offers ideas for enhancing the extensibility of complex system models and improving the reusability of models.
Key words：meta-model; requirement definition; requirement model; MBSE; requirement quality
收稿日期：2024-07-17
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