船基系留气球AIS数据采集系统设计与实现
2023,31(4):167-173
摘要：船舶自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System，AIS），可以为发展高频地波雷达（High Frequency Surface Wave Radar，HFSWR）技术提供验证数据集；目前，现有手段为HFSWR提供的数据集存在实时性差以及仅能对小范围内的船只进行跟踪观测等缺点，针对该问题，设计了一套船基球载AIS数据采集系统，利用系留球搭载AIS接收机进行多次海上长时间驻空实验，期间获取了来自345条船只的270580条数据；结果表明：船基球载AIS接收机这一方式能够显著提高船只之间AIS信息的接收距离，当系留球锚泊在150m高空时，系统的AIS信息接收距离能够达到244km；并验证了AIS海上传播模型的准确性；船基球载AIS数据采集系统可实现长期高空驻留，所获取的周边海域船只的AIS信息数据范围广，实时性高，漏报率低，是对船基HFSWR性能进行评估的有效手段。
关键词：船舶自动识别系统;船基系留气球;通信距离;高频地波雷达;评估
Design and Implementation of AIS Data Acquisition System for Ship-based Tethered Balloons
Abstract：The Automatic Identification System (AIS) for the development of high Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) technology can provide verification data sets; At present, the existing means for HFSWR to provide data sets have shortcomings such as poor real-time and can only track and observe ships in a small range, etc. In view of this problem, a set of ship-based ball on-board AIS data acquisition system is designed, and multiple long-term air-dwelling experiments at sea are carried out using tethered balls and AIS receivers, during which 270,580 pieces of data from 345 ships are obtained; The results show that the ais receiver on board the ship-based ball can significantly improve the receiving distance of AIS information between ships, and when the tether ball is anchored at a height of 150m, the AIS information receiving distance of the system can reach 244km. The accuracy of the AIS maritime propagation model was verified; The ship-based ball-mounted AIS data acquisition system can realize long-term high-altitude residence, and the AIS information data of the vessels in the surrounding sea areas obtained is wide-ranging, high in real-time, and low in under-alarm rate, which is an effective means to evaluate the performance of ship-based HFSWR.
Key words：AIS；ship-based tethered balloons；communication distance；HFSWR；estimating
收稿日期：2022-06-21
基金项目：国家自然科学(61733017)；中国科学院战略性先导专项(XDA17020203)。
