运载火箭火工品自动保护与解保安全控制技术研究与应用
2022,30(10):124-131
摘要：目前，国内运载火箭火工品多采用箭上安装短路保护插头方式进行保护；火箭临射前短路保护插头需电气系统人工手动拆除完成火工品解保，这制约了电气系统实现无人值守；此时火箭已加注推进剂，箭上人工操作存在安全隐患；为实现运载火箭发射前火工品解保无人操作，提高火工品保护与解保的安全性，提出了运载火箭火工品自动保护与解保安全控制技术。该技术在运载火箭电气系统中配置火工品自动保护与解保装置，采用磁保持继电器实现火工品保护回路常开、常闭两种状态的自保持，并已在某运载型号电气系统中应用；实现运载火箭临射前火工品解保无人操作和电气系统无人值守，对提高运载火箭射前流程安全性有重大意义。
关键词：运载火箭；火工品自动保护与解保；电气系统；无人操作；安全控制
Research and Application of Safety Control Technology for Automatic Protection and Release of Launch Vehicle Initiating Explosive Device
Abstract：Currently, Initiating explosive devices of domestic launch vehicle are mostly protected by installing short-circuit protection plugs. In order to release the Initiating explosive device, the short-circuit protection plug before launch vehicle launching needs to be manually removed by the electrical system, which restricts the realization of unattended electrical system. At this time, the launch vehicle has been filled with propellant, and there is?potential?safety?hazard in manual operation. In order to realize the unmanned operation of initiating explosive device release before launch of launch vehicle and improve the safety of initiating explosive device protection and release, the automatic protection and release safety control technology is proposed. In this technology, an automatic protection and release for initiating explosive device is configured in the electrical system of launch vehicle, and the magnetic latching relay is used to realize the self-maintenance of the protection circuit’s open and closed states of the initiating explosive device.This technology has been applied in the electrical system of one launch vehicle. Unattended of initiating explosive device and electrical system before launch of launch vehicle are realized, which is of great significance to improve the pre-launch process safety of launch vehicle.
Key words：launch vehicle; initiating explosive device protection and release; electrical system; unmanned operation; safety control
收稿日期：2022-06-05
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