基于离散小波变换的输电线路故障精准定位
2023,31(1):8-14
摘要：为了提高架空线路和地下电缆组合输电线路发生故障时的定位精度，提出了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)的输电线路故障定位新方法。通过DWT对输电线路单端测得的瞬态信号进行多分辨率分析(MRA)，在低故障起始角情况下，利用线模电流和零模电流检测故障，结合小波模量极大值(WMM)求解从故障点到变电站的行波到达时间，从而对输电线路故障进行精准定位。采用半正弦电压响应的方法克服了采样频率有限和故障起始角低的缺点，运用100kHz半正弦信号的发送时间与接收导数信号的时间之差计算故障距离。在考虑谐波畸变和故障电阻、接地电阻、故障位置和起始角变化的情况下对所提方法进行测试，结果表明：对于100km的输电线路，即使在故障靠近总线（<2%）且故障起始角较低的情况下，所提出的方法得到的故障定位误差仅为0.14km。
关键词：输电线路;故障定位;离散小波变换;多分辨率分析;半正弦法;
Accurate Fault Location of Transmission Lines based on Discrete Wavelet Transform
Abstract：In order to improve the fault location accuracy of overhead line and underground cable combined transmission line, a new method of transmission line fault location based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is proposed. Multi resolution analysis (MRA) is carried out on the transient signals measured at one end of the transmission line through DWT. Under the condition of low fault starting angle, the line mode current and zero mode current are used to detect the fault, and the traveling wave arrival time from the fault point to the substation is solved in combination with the wavelet modulus maximum (WMM), so as to accurately locate the transmission line fault. The method of half sine voltage response overcomes the shortcomings of limited sampling frequency and low fault starting angle. The fault distance is calculated by using the difference between the sending time of 100kHz half sine signal and the time of receiving derivative signal. Taking into account the harmonic distortion and the changes of fault resistance, grounding resistance, fault location and starting angle, the test results show that for 100km transmission line, even when the fault is close to the bus (<2%) and the fault starting angle is low, the fault location error obtained by the proposed method is only 0.14km.
Key words：transmission line; Fault location; Discrete wavelet transform; Multiresolution analysis; Half sine method;
收稿日期：2022-06-05
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(51907138)；国网山西省电力公司科技项目(520510180021)
