电动汽车永磁同步电机无位置传感器分数阶滑模控制技术仿真研究
2022,30(5):121-126
摘要：针对无位置传感器永磁同步电机控制系统在启动时电机转速较低，电机的反电动势较小，信噪比太低无法满足精确估计条件的问题，采用一种分段启动控制策略，当系统转速较低或刚开始启动时，通过他控恒转矩起动方式；当电机转速较高时，通过建立分数阶滑模观测器来实现转子位置的准确预测，并通过分数阶滑模控制器实现对电机的控制。通过在Matlab/Simulink平台中的仿真，直流电压311V，开关频率设为5kHZ，给定初始参考转速为600r/min，在0.2s突加1.5N?m转矩，分数阶观测器能够实现电机的平滑启动，且达到良好的静态和动态控制性能，从而使电动汽车能够更加安全可靠，为汽车产业的可持续发展提供技术支持。
关键词：永磁同步电机；分数阶微积分；滑模控制；无位置传感器控制；闭环控制
Fractional-Order Sliding Mode Control Simulation Of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor For Electric Vehicle
Abstract：Aiming at the problem that the motor speed is low, the back electromotive force of the motor is small, and the signal to noise ratio is too low to meet the condition of accurate estimation when the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system without a position sensor starts, a sectional starting control strategy is adopted, when the system speed is low or the system just starts, a constant torque starting mode controlled by others is adopted; When the motor speed is high, the fractional order sliding mode observer is established to accurately predict the rotor position, and the fractional order sliding mode controller is used to control the motor. Through the simulation in Matlab/Simulink platform, the fractional order observer can realize the smooth start of the motor and achieve good static and dynamic control performance when the DC voltage is 311 V, the switching frequency is set to 5 kHz, the initial reference speed is 600 R/min, and the torque of 1.5 N ? m is suddenly applied in 0.2 s. So that the electric vehicle can be safer and more reliable, and provide technical support for the sustainable development of the automotive industry.
Key words：Permanent magnet synchronous motor;Fractional Calculus;Sliding mode control;Position sensorless control;Closed loop control
收稿日期：2022-03-15
基金项目：陕西省科技重大专项课题（2020zdzx06-01-01）；“双高”计划下高职院校汽车专业与区域经济协调发展研究（18XHJG-005）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划（2021JQ-251）。
