基于LoRa技术的通用型环境监测节点低功耗设计
2022,30(7):41-48
摘要：针对环境监测无线传感器网络节点兼容性不足、电池容量有限等问题，本文设计了一种基于LoRa技术的多传感器兼容型低功耗监测节点。节点底层提供丰富接口以及标准化封装，并采用结构体存储传感器操作信息、链表记录可读取的传感器，使节点兼容多种传感器，解决传感器适配问题。采用STM32L系列单片机和LoRa模块搭建硬件平台，提出一种应用于LoRaWAN的自适应功耗算法，通过合理配置各模块休眠状态、优化LoRa发送功耗和空传速度等方法，有效延长了节点寿命。实验结果表明，该节点具有良好的可扩展性和低功耗特性。本文的研究可为无线传感器网络节点在智慧农业、智慧城市等领域的推广应用提供一定的理论方法和技术支持。
关键词：监测节点；通用性；低功耗；LoRa技术；STM32L单片机；功率自适应；
Low-power consumption design of a general-purpose environment monitoring node based on LoRa technology
Abstract：To resolve the problems of insufficient compatibility and limited battery capacity of existing wireless sensor network nodes in the field of environment monitoring, a multi-sensor compatible and low-power consumption monitoring node based on LoRa technology is presented in this paper. In order to be compatible with more kinds of sensors, rich interfaces and standardized packaging are provided in the physical layer. Meanwhile, structures are used to store sensor operation information, as well as linked lists are employed to record readable sensors. To reduce the power consumption, a microcontroller of STM32L series and a LoRa module are used to build the hardware platform, and an adaptive power consumption algorithm applied to LoRaWAN is proposed. Through properly configuring the sleep state of each module and optimizing the LoRa transmission power and air transmission speed, the node power consumption is further decreased. The experiment results show that the node has good features of extensibility and lower-power consumption. This research provide some theoretical methods and technical support for the promotion and utilization of wireless sensor network nodes in smart agriculture, smart city, as well as other fields.
Key words：Monitoring nodes; Scalability; Low power consumption; LoRa; STM32; Power adaptation;
收稿日期：2022-01-05
基金项目：吉林省发改委产业技术研究与开发专项项目(2018C036-4)基于LoRa扩频通信与多传感器信息融合的精准农业环境监测技术研究。
